Sharpened turkey bones used for tattoos 5,500 years ago

The world's oldest turkey bone pigments

Experts have found the world's oldest turkey bone pigments and tools that Native Americans used to tattoo.

The team led by expert Aaron Deter-Wolf at the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation conducted a detailed analysis of the sharp turkey bone tools at Fernvale, a Native American archaeological site in Tennessee, Science Alert . reported on May 27. They were once classified simply as "tools" after excavation in 1985. However, new research suggests they may be the world's oldest tattooing tools.

"In this study, we didn't just conduct basic morphological classification. We combined animal archeology analysis, engineering assessment, wear analysis, and materials science research to examine bone tools excavated from an ancient Native American site in central Tennessee," the team said.

The analysis revealed that, around 3500 - 1600 BC, the inhabitants of Fernvale used sharpened wild turkey bones and red and black substances to tattoo. The new study was published in the journal Archaeological Science.

The Fernvale discovery kit consisted of four sharpened tarsal bones, two of which had the tip intact, and two smaller radial bones with visible staining of the pigment. The team of experts observed them very closely under the microscope to calculate the traces left by manufacturing and abrasion. In addition, they also used X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to help identify pigments.

The team of scientists compared the new analysis with the results of an older study. In this study, another team of archaeologists made sharp tattoo tools from white-tailed deer bones and then experimented with pig skin tattooing to see how they would produce traces of fabrication and wear.

Spectroscopic analysis indicates that the red and black markings on the radial bone may originate from iron oxides and carbon - both noted as traditional tattoo materials in the archaeological literature. In addition, the wear and color residue left on turkey bones matches the wear and color deposits on deer bones.

The researchers also found some mollusc shell fragments at the Fernvale site that were stained. They suggested that they were most likely used as containers for pigments during the tattooing process.

'Tattooed, must accept judgment'

Tattoos belong to the appearance, which is an impressive thing that catches the eye of the opposite person and creates "vigilance.

Firstly, about aesthetics: I see many people who have very beautiful tattoos, they tattoo a little on their arms, legs, chest, back... the pictures are meaningful to them, but for people who have full-body tattoos, I don't understand. floating. You guys go against social aesthetics and keep forcing society to accept your aesthetic?

Agree that tattooing is also an art, but only an art for a very small number of enthusiasts, not the whole society.

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The second is about people: Those who live with him or interact a lot will know he is good or bad, otherwise, he can only be judged by his appearance. A virtuous appearance is easier to sympathize with, everywhere. Even developed countries in the West consider people with full body tattoos, hands and feet "indecent" or "eccentric", not just the East.

I see many friends having difficulty applying for jobs, losing their jobs because of "tiger" tattoos that keep showing up, or in the case of the man in the article, I'm sure those people also regret those tattoos. That may include a harsh social resentment, but first and foremost they are taking responsibility for themselves for these tattoos. If you have a tattoo, then you have to accept more effort than others when you want people to like you.

Readers Minh November shared the same opinion and analysis:

To answer this question of the author, the tattooer must first be responsible for his or her own tattooing behavior (with praise and criticism, they must be accepted)

The second is that in principle, humans have Body and Mind/Wisdom.

- Body: is the part of appearance, the visible part, including the body and the behavior of the body. This part is visible to the naked eye

- The Mind/Wisdom: is the thinking and understanding part of the mind and intellect, this is the part that cannot be seen with the naked eye but must be felt and evaluated by the wisdom of others. To appreciate this part, it takes time to experience and analyze.

Thus, we answer the question of how many people will be exposed long enough, wise enough to analyze and evaluate a person's heart? When you're on the street, which part of you is immediately visible?

It is clear that the appearance and behavior will be immediately visible. Your physical appearance may not be beautiful, but your behavior (attitude, words, behavior) can change the perspective of others.

However, sometimes when you don't show behavior but just go out on the street, your appearance is the only thing you show. So, for most people in society when they can't contact you, it's inevitable that they judge you by your appearance. You also can't blame them when you don't have the time or opportunity to contact and show them your so-called Mind or wisdom.

Conclusion: we live in a society that must be self-conscious and understand that we need to show what to others.

Tattooing is no exception, I also tattoo myself, but I am aware of what I should tattoo, in what position so as not to affect the way others see me. And most importantly, what do we need to do for people to fully appreciate us, including Body, Mind, and Wisdom.

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